ML Infrastructure & MLOpsShadow Mode DeploymentHard⏱️ ~2 min

Shadow Mode Monitoring and Promotion Analysis

Definition
Shadow mode monitoring compares shadow predictions against production to validate behavior—tracking divergence, latency, and errors without affecting users.

COMPARISON METRICS

Divergence: How often do shadow and production disagree? Distribution shift: Are outputs similar? Error delta: Compare error rates where ground truth exists. Edge cases: Focus on tail inputs where models diverge.

PERFORMANCE MONITORING

Latency: Shadow P50, P95, P99 vs production. Resources: CPU, memory, GPU. Throughput: Can shadow handle production volume? Stability: Error rates, timeouts over shadow period.

💡 Insight: High divergence is not always bad. If shadow is improved, divergence means it does something different—validate that different means better.

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

Sample logging: Log prediction pairs for review. Slice analysis: Compare across segments. Regression detection: Flag where shadow is worse. Root cause: Trace divergence spikes to input patterns.

PROMOTION DECISION

Automated: Error ≤ production, latency within 10%, stable. Manual: Review divergent predictions. Gradual: After shadow passes, promote via canary before full rollout.

⚠️ Trade-off: Longer shadow periods add confidence but delay value. Set minimum durations based on traffic needed for significance.
💡 Key Takeaways
Track prediction divergence, latency, and resource usage during shadow period
High divergence is not necessarily bad—validate that different means better
After shadow validation passes, promote via canary before full rollout
📌 Interview Tips
1Log prediction pairs for manual review of divergent cases
2Set minimum shadow duration based on traffic volume for statistical significance
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